Arizona is a rapidly growing state. Statewide, the population grew 40 percent between 1990 and 2000. The natural beauty of the state and its climate are two of the many factors contributing to this high growth rate. Associated with the climate, however, are the challenges of living in a desert environment. In Central Arizona, home to 80 percent of the state’s population, rainfall averages between 19 to 30 centimeters annually. Groundwater is the water supply serving approximately 40 percent of Arizona water demand. Rapid growth and reliance on groundwater have resulted in groundwater overdraft in some parts of the state. Aquifers are being depleted faster than nature can replenish them. Streams and rivers are important sources of water, yet the water demands associated with rapid population growth have affected and will continue to affect riparian areas dependent on stream flows, thereby potentially jeopardizing the very environment so important to tourism and the quality of life for Arizona residents. Arizona has adopted regulations to manage groundwater resources in some regions of the state. This paper provides a brief overview of Arizona’s approach to groundwater regulation, including its innovate programs to recharge water, and highlights several unresolved water issues, many of which are actively being addressed.
Torreón, Coahuila México. March 10, 2004